Journal of Historical, Cultural and Social Sciences
The Journal of Historical, Cultural and Social Sciences (JHCSS) is an esteemed, interdisciplinary scholarly platform that is dedicated to advancing academic research across the fields of history, cultural studies, and the social sciences. As a double-blind peer-reviewed journal, JHCSS upholds the highest standards of academic integrity and methodological rigor, ensuring that all submissions undergo a thorough and impartial evaluation process. This commitment guarantees that each published article contributes reliably to the ongoing scholarly conversation and enhances our understanding of the intricate dynamics shaping society and culture.
All articles published in this journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited. Authors retain copyright of their work, and readers are free to copy, share, adapt, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use, as long as appropriate attribution is given.
Financial Fraud, Audit Failure, and Regulatory Implications under the Registration-Based System: A Case Study of Zeda Yisheng
As the most emblematic case of financial fraud on the STAR Market following the implementation of the registration-based system, the Zeda Yisheng incident involved comprehensive accounting fraud throughout the IPO process by the prospective listed company, ultimately resulting in the mandatory revocation of its listing status by regulatory authorities. This case extends beyond the company itself to involve multiple types of securities intermediaries. More critically, it exposes numerous loopholes in the STAR Market's listing review process and the practice of certified public accountants, providing a valuable reference case for analyzing false accounting disclosures and inadequate auditing in China's A-share securities market. This paper takes the Zeda Yisheng violation case as its research subject, employing a case study methodology to systematically trace the chronological development of its financial fraud and its core operational techniques. It examines the specific mechanisms used to inflate main business revenue under fabricated business scenarios and, based on the securities regulatory authorities' penalty decision, delves into the underlying reasons why the audit firm failed to exercise due professional care. This detailed examination of the case not only enriches the theoretical framework and empirical evidence in detecting accounting fraud in securities markets but also offers valuable insights for improving the oversight of securities intermediaries' professional conduct, refining the exit mechanisms for listed companies, and strengthening investor protection systems. Analysis reveals that Zeda Yisheng deliberately constructed a fraudulent chain involving fabricated contracts, false documents, and circular fund flows to intentionally inflate revenue scale and profit metrics during the reporting period. The auditors' failure to properly execute key verification procedures—such as examining purchase and sales contracts and verifying original documents like waybills—was the fundamental factor leading to the misrepresentation in the audit opinion. The strict legal punishment in this case and the subsequent settlement of the investor class action lawsuit fully demonstrate the regulatory authorities' firm stance on cracking down on securities violations and ensuring the orderly operation of the capital market. It also sends a crucial warning to all market participants that they must adhere to compliance standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kun Liu, Borui Zhang, Zishuo He (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Profitability Transformation under Income Contraction: Financial Performance Analysis of Nanjing High-Tech Co., Ltd. (2022-2024)
This study focuses on Nanjing High-Tech Co., Ltd., conducting a systematic analysis of its profitability using financial data from 2022 to 2024. Key evaluation metrics include sales profit margin, cost-profit ratio, earnings per share, price-to-earnings ratio, and profit structure. The research reveals that despite a significant revenue decline in 2024, the company achieved notable improvements in key indicators by increasing investment returns, strengthening cost control, and optimizing business structures. Findings indicate that Nanjing High-Tech maintained robust profitability despite revenue contraction, demonstrating structural improvements. Through scaling back low-margin traditional real estate operations, refining cost structures, and expanding high-margin sectors like industrial park services, pharmaceutical sales, and equity investments, the company significantly enhanced gross profit margins, operating profit margins, and cost-profit ratios, leading to substantial improvements in earnings quality. Net profit and earnings per share continued to grow, while the price-to-earnings ratio steadily increased, reflecting positive market expectations for its profitability and strategic transformation. Overall, Nanjing High-Tech's profitability growth stems not from revenue expansion but from optimized business structures and operational efficiency improvements, demonstrating inherent sustainability and providing valuable insights for similar enterprises undergoing transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yiwen Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Post-editing of AI-assisted Translation in Translator Education: A Genre-based Classroom Study
The emergence of generative AI in translation classrooms has shifted instructional priorities away from text production alone toward issues of quality and judgement. This study reports a within-class longitudinal investigation of post-editing of AI-assisted translation in Japanese–Chinese translation training. Over a single semester, twenty-eight undergraduate Japanese majors completed six translation assignments, each involving an AI-generated draft, manual revision, and a short-written justification of their revision choices. Two learning outcomes were examined: overall translation quality (score_total, 0–100) and the quality of students’ rationales (rationale_quality, 0–2), the latter capturing the extent to which revision decisions were supported by explicit, text-based evidence. Results indicated gradual and non-linear improvement in translation quality, alongside more noticeable changes in students’ justification practices over time. Genre also played a mediating role: news tasks tended to elicit cue-based rationales related to modality and attribution, whereas literary tasks prompted broader but less readily verifiable stylistic reasoning. These findings suggest that the pedagogical value of post-editing of AI-assisted translation lies not only in improving translation products, but also in fostering evaluative judgement through routine, scaffolded post-editing and justification activities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Qiushi Gu, Shiyan Wang, Xinyao Ren, Xinyu Ji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internal Control Effectiveness in Platform-Based Organizations: A COSO Framework Analysis of Haier Group under the Rendanheyi Model
As a world-renowned enterprise in home appliances and intelligent manufacturing, Haier Group has built a comprehensive internal control system covering governance, risk, processes, and supervision with the "Rendanheyi" management model (a management model integrating employees’ value with customer value) as the core. While promoting organizational flattening and independent operation, it also faces governance challenges such as organizational adaptation, risk assessment, authorization control, and information collaboration. Based on the five elements framework of COSO internal control, this paper adopts a research design combining qualitative case study method and secondary data analysis, systematically sorts out the current situation and characteristics of Haier's internal control construction, deeply analyzes the problems in system implementation, risk identification, supervision closed loop and other aspects under the background of global operation and digital transformation, and puts forward improvement suggestions from the aspects of organizational coordination, risk modeling, process solidification, information integration and supervision strengthening, so as to provide practical reference for large enterprise groups to optimize their internal control systems and improve governance efficiency in the context of dynamic changes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xinrui Wang, Jingqi Sun, Xuanyueming Jia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Manufacturer Demand and Engineering Adaptation: An Interdisciplinary Study of Suspension System Design and Tuning for Motorcycles and Electric Two-Wheelers
This study investigates the design and tuning of suspension systems for motorcycles, mopeds, and electric two-wheelers from the perspective of manufacturer-driven demand. Rather than focusing solely on technical specifications, the research adopts a practice-oriented and interdisciplinary approach to analyze how engineering decisions are shaped by differentiated product positioning, user expectations, and industrial constraints. Drawing on real-world R&D scenarios, the paper examines the interaction between suspension system parameters and overall vehicle performance, including comfort, handling stability, durability, and cost efficiency. It further systematizes the design logic of key parameters such as load capacity, suspension stroke, stiffness, and structural configuration, and analyzes the iterative tuning process based on real-vehicle testing and feedback mechanisms. Through this process, a demand-driven adjustment framework is established, in which parameter optimization is continuously refined through empirical verification and scenario-based evaluation. The findings indicate that effective suspension system development depends on the coordinated integration of design principles, tuning strategies, and system-level matching with vehicle architecture. Moreover, the study highlights that engineering practices in this field are not purely technical, but are embedded within a broader socio-technical context involving manufacturer requirements, cost constraints, and user-oriented performance expectations. By bridging practical engineering experience with analytical abstraction, this research provides a structured reference for suspension system development and contributes to interdisciplinary discussions on how demand-driven design influences technological implementation in the two-wheeler industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hongqin Wu, Xuhui Yang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Balancing AI-Driven Cross-Border Personalized Marketing with Data Privacy Regulations
This paper aims to systematically examine and analyze the multidimensional interplay between AI-enabled cross-border personalized marketing and global data privacy regulations. The paper first clarifies the core theoretical implications of the “personalization-privacy paradox.” Drawing on authoritative academic research in both Chinese and English, it outlines the research landscape in this field across three interrelated dimensions: First, the technological ethics dimension and consumer behavioral responses, summarizing the transformative role of AI technology in reshaping marketing models, as well as the resulting ethical controversies—such as algorithmic transparency and excessive data collection—and the diverse psychological and behavioral manifestations of consumers; Second, the regulatory implementation and corporate strategic adaptation dimension, which analyzes the compliance pressures brought about by the GDPR-centered regulatory framework, as well as the strategic shift of enterprises from passive compliance to active adaptation, ultimately transforming privacy protection into a competitive advantage; third, the global contextual differences and localization practice dimension, which compares the prominent differences among regional markets in terms of regulatory environments, cultural perceptions, and corporate localization strategies. Existing research indicates that exploration in this field has shifted from the initial identification of contradictions to an in-depth examination of multi-dimensional balancing mechanisms. Finally, this paper identifies the limitations of current research in terms of dynamic analytical perspectives, in-depth exploration of cross-cultural theories, and coverage of small and medium-sized entities, and proposes feasible directions for future research.
Artificial Intelligence; Personalised Marketing; Data Privacy; GDPR; Privacy Paradox; International Marketing
Copyright (c) 2025 Xiaoqi Shao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Brief Analysis of Luckin Coffee's Public Relations Strategy on the TikTok Platform
In the current era where short videos are reshaping the landscape of information dissemination, the TikTok platform has become the primary battleground for corporate public relations management. As of December 2024, China's short video user base reached 1.04 billion, with a usage rate of 93.8%, driving the public relations industry to accelerate its transition from the text-and-image era into the visual era . This study takes Luckin Coffee as the research subject to explore its public relations strategies on the TikTok platform. The findings reveal that Luckin Coffee's PR practices on TikTok transcend the traditional "information release" paradigm, forming a deeply integrated model of "brand-effect-sales synergy" by co-creating content to build a brand personality that "plays skillfully and boldly," leveraging high-density interactions to foster egalitarian dialogue relationships, utilizing tools like live streaming and secondary cards to achieve closed-loop communication and sales, and resolving potential crises through rapid, flexible, and humanized responses. On the TikTok platform, Luckin's interaction efficiency far surpasses other platforms, contributing 80% of its total interaction volume . This strategy has successfully helped Luckin shape a brand image that is youthful, highly interactive, and adept at meme usage, achieving the transformation from traffic to sales and ultimately brand loyalty. The study provides valuable insights for corporate public relations management in the short video era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hao Xiong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Standardization, Customization and Industrial Performance: A Socio-Technical Study of Suspension System Design for Motorcycles and Electric Two-Wheelers Based on T/ZZB 3029—2022
Based on the group standard T/ZZB 3029—2022 for motorcycle shock absorbers, this study develops an integrated analytical framework for suspension system design, verification, and customized research and development (R&D) for motorcycles, mopeds, and electric two-wheelers. Moving beyond a purely technical perspective, the paper adopts a socio-technical approach to examine how standardized engineering specifications interact with manufacturer-oriented customization demands in contemporary vehicle industries. The study systematically constructs a full-process technical system encompassing high-precision spring design, multi-dimensional damper tuning, structural strength verification, whole-vehicle matching, and lifecycle quality control. Through standardized procedures such as ex-factory inspection, type testing, environmental adaptability evaluation, and durability verification, the research demonstrates how the integration of “standard compliance” and “scenario-based customization” enables effective coordination between safety, handling performance, riding comfort, and long-term durability. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the implementation of T/ZZB 3029—2022 not only improves the consistency and reliability of suspension systems but also establishes a data-driven and process-oriented quality governance mechanism. This mechanism enhances industrial coordination, reduces performance variability, and supports differentiated product development across various vehicle categories. By linking engineering design practices with institutional standardization frameworks, this study contributes to interdisciplinary discussions on the role of technical standards in shaping industrial performance and technological innovation. It provides a replicable and scalable technical paradigm for the development of high-quality suspension systems in the motorcycle and electric two-wheeler industry.
Engineering Standards and Industrial Performance: An Interdisciplinary Study of Motorcycle Shock Absorber Design and Verification
This study examines the role of technical standards in shaping industrial practices through a case analysis of motorcycle shock absorber design and verification under the group standard T/ZZB 3029—2022. Moving beyond a purely engineering perspective, the paper adopts a socio-technical approach to explore how standardization frameworks influence product performance, quality control systems, and industrial governance in the motorcycle manufacturing sector. Drawing on practical R&D experience in customized suspension systems for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the study analyzes three key technical domains—spring design, damper tuning, and structural strength verification—within the institutional constraints of standardized requirements. It further investigates the full lifecycle quality assurance mechanisms, including ex-factory inspection, type testing, and failure protection, highlighting how standardized procedures contribute to risk mitigation and performance reliability. The findings suggest that the implementation of T/ZZB 3029—2022 not only enhances technical consistency and safety performance but also establishes a data-driven and process-oriented quality governance model. This model facilitates coordination between manufacturers and suppliers, supports differentiated product development, and strengthens the regulatory infrastructure of the industry. By integrating engineering practice with institutional analysis, this study contributes to interdisciplinary discussions on the relationship between technical standards, industrial innovation, and socio-economic development. It provides empirical insights into how standardization functions as both a technological and organizational mechanism in modern manufacturing systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hongqin Wu, Xuhui Yang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Fraud and Audit Failure in Listed Companies: A Case Study of Qixin Co., Ltd.
Against the backdrop of the full advancement of the registration-based system in China’s capital market and regulators’ “zero-tolerance” stance on financial fraud, systematic financial fraud of listed companies coupled with concomitant audit failures still occur frequently, severely disrupting market order and eroding investor confidence. As a listed enterprise in the architectural decoration industry, Qixin Co., Ltd. engaged in continuous financial fraud for 8 years, with cumulative false profit inflation of 2.63 billion yuan during 2012–2019, alongside major violations including embezzlement of IPO funds and irregular issuance of 3.4 billion yuan in commercial acceptance bills. The fraud was exposed in 2021 due to a capital chain rupture, and Dahua Certified Public Accountants, the auditor for eight consecutive years, issued unqualified audit opinions despite failing to perform basic verification duties, resulting in a prominent audit failure. This paper adopts a case study method to systematically analyze the specific practices, core means, underlying motives, business ethics anomie, and multi-dimensional causes of audit failure in Qixin’s financial fraud. The research finds that Qixin’s fraud is a joint result of actual controllers’ interest drive, corporate governance defects, industry supervision loopholes, and audit supervision failure; its fraudulent acts seriously violate the good faith principle, infringe on stakeholders’ rights and interests, and damage industry ecology and market fairness. The lack of risk assessment, inadequate procedure implementation, and loss of independence of audit institutions are the core causes of audit failure. This study enriches case research on financial fraud and audit failure, provides a reference framework for similar case analyses, and has practical significance for listed companies to improve governance and ethical construction, audit institutions to standardize practice, and regulators to optimize regulatory mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jiaxuan Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing Strategies and Competitive Advantages in the Low-Tier Market: A Case Study of Mixue Ice City Under the 4P-STP Framework
Against the backdrop of increasingly fierce competition in China’s ready-made tea beverage industry, lower-tier markets have become the core engine driving industrial growth. Mixue Ice Cream & Tea has achieved global scale expansion and industry-leading status by deeply cultivating lower-tier markets with a differentiated marketing model. This paper takes Mixue as the research object, based on STP market segmentation theory and 4P marketing mix theory, combined with IP marketing theory, systematically analyzes its marketing strategy implementation from the dimensions of market positioning, product portfolio, pricing system, channel expansion and brand communication, and explores the core logic of its competitive advantage formation relying on closed-loop supply chain, lightweight franchise model and personified IP marketing. The research finds that Mixue has constructed a "supply chain-price-channel-IP" closed-loop marketing system through high-quality and low-price product strategy, high-density offline channel layout and standardized franchise management, which not only consolidates its leading position in the mass tea beverage market but also supports its steady penetration into overseas markets. However, the brand is facing problems such as brand positioning solidification, franchise channel control gaps and lagging digital marketing capabilities in its development. Based on this, targeted optimization strategies are proposed to provide reference for the sustainable development of Mixue and the strategic formulation of small and medium-sized tea beverage brands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zishuo He, Kun Liu, Borui Zhang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Causes of Excessive Manganese and Discussion on Treatment Measures in a Waterworks in Cangnan County
Excessive manganese in the effluent of a waterworks in Cangnan County not only leads to sensory abnormalities of drinking water but also poses a potential threat to human health, which has become an urgent water quality problem to be solved. In this study, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the manganese concentration in water samples at each treatment stage, so as to evaluate the actual effect of different manganese removal processes. Aiming at the problem of excessive manganese in raw water, the waterworks optimized the conventional water treatment process by taking measures such as strengthening pre-chlorination and adding potassium permanganate composite salt. The results showed that both measures could effectively oxidize soluble divalent manganese into insoluble tetravalent manganese, which was then intercepted and removed by the filter, and the manganese content in the final effluent was stably controlled below the limit value of 0.1mg/L specified in GB 5749-2022. This study not only effectively solved the problem of excessive manganese in the waterworks but also provided a practical and feasible technical reference for the treatment of excessive manganese in reservoir water sources of similar waterworks in southern China.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zuqing Li, Weiwei Fu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the Development of Rural Microcredit under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Against the backdrop of the comprehensive implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, rural microcredit has shown increasingly promising prospects and has gradually become one of the most critical instruments for promoting rural development and supporting farmers in achieving prosperity. Its importance in improving farmers’ livelihoods is beyond question. This paper systematically analyzes the parallel progress of rural microcredit and the rural revitalization process, exploring the dual impact mechanism—both positive and negative—of microcredit on rural revitalization. It further elaborates on the contributions of rural microcredit to developing rural industries, protecting the ecological environment, fostering new trends in rural civility, enhancing governance efficiency, and improving the quality of life in rural areas. However, complacency is unwarranted. Rural microcredit must be recognized as a double-edged sword. This study identifies the negative impacts, risks, and challenges that persist, including deficiencies in the rural credit system, existing legal loopholes, relatively weak risk prevention and control capabilities, and insufficient innovation in service models and product design. Accordingly, this paper proposes reasonable and targeted countermeasures, such as optimizing the rural credit system, closing legal gaps, strengthening risk management, and enhancing service and product innovation. Overall, this study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the further development of rural microcredit within the context of rural revitalization, thereby continuously generating momentum for rural economic growth and livelihood improvement, and ultimately contributing to the accelerated realization of the strategic goal of rural revitalization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Boyue Zhang, Jiayin Xu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Construction of Capital Going to the Countryside and the Sustainable Livelihood Model for Farmers
Capital going to the countryside is an inevitable trend in urban-rural integration and an intrinsic requirement for rural revitalization. This paper employs theoretical analysis and literature review methods to explore the impact of capital inflows on farmers' livelihoods and the construction of a sustainable livelihood model for farmers. The findings indicate that capital going to the countryside has both optimizing and disruptive effects on the livelihood environment and livelihood capital of farmers. Farmers' livelihoods are influenced by factors such as the scale of capital, the embeddedness of capital, regional characteristics, the policy environment, and the role positioning of grassroots governments. The construction of a sustainable livelihood model for farmers depends on enhancing the embeddedness of capital within social structures, optimizing the scale and structure of capital, fostering positive interactions, improving the alignment between benefit-sharing models and regional conditions, and achieving both structural and institutional transformation. Additionally, optimizing the policy environment and clarifying the role of grassroots governments are critical to this process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xinyong Lu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Awakening and Resistance in Paulina Chiziane’s As Cicatrizes do Amor and Clarice Lispector’s Amor: A Comparative Analysis
This article analyzes two Portuguese-language short stories, offering a comparative examination of the female characters in Clarice Lispector’s Amor and Paulina Chiziane’s As Cicatrizes do Amor, through the lenses of feminist criticism and comparative literature. By comparing these narratives, the article investigates the personal transformations and struggles of women in patriarchal societies. Chiziane’s As Cicatrizes do Amor set in Mozambique, portrays love as shaped by cultural and social constraints, while Lispector’s Amor provides an introspective exploration of the protagonist’s psyche, depicting an existential and emotional awakening that challenges societal norms and expectations. Through the transformative journey from submission to awakening, comparing women’s experiences across diverse cultural contexts and their struggles with love and pain, the article presents the expression of feminist consciousness and individual differences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhixin Hou (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of interdisciplinary approaches in global civic education: an international school case study
This paper explores the application of interdisciplinary approaches in global civic education. Through case studies of international schools, it highlights the importance of interdisciplinary teaching in fostering global citizenship awareness. The background section introduces the definition of global civic education and its significance in today's society, emphasizing the critical role of interdisciplinary methods in education. By analyzing specific practices from multiple international schools, the paper reveals how different institutions design and implement interdisciplinary instruction. It also delves into assessment methods for student learning outcomes and the impact of interdisciplinary approaches on enhancing students' global citizenship awareness. Ultimately, the results show that interdisciplinary teaching can effectively promote students' global perspective, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Finally, the paper summarizes the main findings and offers recommendations for the future development of global civic education, including strengthening teacher training and supporting intercultural educational collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yiming Wang, Ruishuang Zhou, Shangan Zhou (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dynamic Adaptation of the Basic Principles of Civil Law and Reconstruction of the Market Economic Order: Based on the Systematic Logic of the Chinese Civil Code
Taking the systematic logic of China's civil code as a framework, this paper explores the dynamic adaptation of the basic principles of civil law in the context of the digital economy era and its function of reconstructing the market economic order. The study points out that traditional civil law principles (such as autonomy of meaning, protection of reliance, and public order and good morals) are facing the adaptive challenges of new business models such as the platform economy and data transactions, and there is an urgent need to realise a balance of values by integrating decentralised principles and constructing synergistic mechanisms. The article starts from the limitations of formal rationality in modern civil law, analyses the inevitability of modern civil law's shift towards substantiation, and emphasises the role of the expansion of the principle of good faith and the development of the typology of public order and good morals in regulating the risk of market failure. The Chinese Civil Code responds to the real needs of the digital economy, such as the protection of human dignity, the internalisation of environmental costs, and the distribution of platform responsibilities, through such innovations as the independent codification of personality rights, the introduction of the green principle, and the dynamic articulation of the special law on commercial affairs. In view of new challenges such as the dilemma of positioning data rights and interests and the regulation of algorithmic power, the study proposes to construct a two-tier rule of "consent-anonymisation" based on the principle of good faith, expand the scope of application of the principle of reliance in order to balance technological neutrality and transaction security, and realise a systematic distribution of platform responsibilities through the presumption of fault and differentiated attribution of responsibility. Distribution. This paper provides a theoretical framework and a practical path for the adjustment of the basic principles of civil law in the era of digital economy, which is of dual value for the improvement of the civil law theory system and the promotion of the rule of law in the market economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wenzhou Shu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Tourism Reopening Strategy of Macao and Its Enlightenment to Other Tourism Destinations in Asia
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has hit the hotel and airline industry and other sectors of the economy hard. A number of world-renowned airlines and travel companies have closed and the tourism and hospitality industries are facing serious financial problems as demand has effectively fallen to an absolute minimum. How to reopen tourist destinations is one of the biggest concerns for the tourism industry after COVID-19. In the United States, the travel industry has urged President Biden to quickly reopen international tourism. However, Macao, China, is the first destination in Asia to reopen tourist visa services to visitors from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan region from 23 September 2020, based on a resilience framework. In natural disasters and emergencies, resilience is considered a crisis management tool that ensures the stability and resilience of businesses to all types of risk. To this end, this study employs a qualitative research approach to sort out and summarise the preparatory and operational measures for the re-opening of Macao's tourism industry in China and their impacts through semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with tourists visiting Macao after its re-opening. The main measures identified include: (1) epidemic prevention measures; (2) tourism bubbles; (3) tourism rules; and (4) preferential policies. In addition, due to the fluidity of the epidemic, the focus of management changes at any time. This study hopes to inform the reopening of other tourist destinations in Asia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yichao Wu, Jun Cui, Bo Xu, Songting Zhang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0